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- immediately branches into another capillary
- bed, surrounding the convoluted tubules and
- the loop of Henle. The capillaries rejoin to
- form a venule which drains into the renal
- vein. This vein leaves the kidney through its
- hilum and empties into the posterior vena cava.
- The nephrons filter out urea and any other
- substances above their kidney threshold level
- from the blood. The nephrons re absorb water
- as well as sugars, amino acids, and salts from
- the filtrate in their lumen, returning these
- materials to the blood. Sugars, amino acids,
- and salts are returned from the nephrons to the
- blood via an active transport mechanism in the
- form of a sodium/potassium pump. The
- collecting tubules collect the filtrate, called
- urine, from distal convoluted tubules and
- channel it into the pelvis of the kidney. From
- each kidney the urine is carried by a duct called
- the ureter to the urinary bladder which
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